# \[e-drug\] accesss to HIV-related drugs in developing countries

**URL:** <https://talk.edrugplus.org/t/e-drug-accesss-to-hiv-related-drugs-in-developing-countries/7029>\
**Category:** e-drug\
**Created:** [January 13, 2000, 3:13am UTC](https://talk.edrugplus.org/t/e-drug-accesss-to-hiv-related-drugs-in-developing-countries/7029 "2000-01-13T03:13:00Z")\
**Posts on this page:** 1\
**Page:** 1

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![A\_Hardon](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/a/ebca7d/32.png) [@A\_Hardon](https://talk.edrugplus.org/u/A_Hardon)\
**Post date:** [January 13, 2000, 3:13am UTC](https://talk.edrugplus.org/t/e-drug-accesss-to-hiv-related-drugs-in-developing-countries/7029/1 "2000-01-13T03:13:00Z")

</div>

E-drug: accesss to HIV-related drugs in developing countries  
---------------------------------------------

The EDM Programme of the World Health Organization with UNAIDS  
have asked us to identify problems that have arisen in public sector  
projects which aim at increasing accesss to HIV-related drugs in  
developing countries. Could E-drug readers working in essential drugs  
programmes contribute to this project by filling in below questionnaire.  
There are only 9 questions. We would be grateful for any information  
you can provide (even if you can only answer a few of the questions).  
We will keep e-drug readers informed on the results of this project.

Anita Hardon  
Medical Anthropology Unit  
Department of Anthropology  
Faculty of Social and Behavorial Sciences  
University of Amsterdam  
Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185  
1012 DK Amsterdam  
fax: 31 20 5253010  
tel: 31 20 5252670  
e-mail: hardon@pscw.uva.nl

--------------------------------------  
Questionnaire on access to HIV-related medicines in developing  
countries:

Respondent:

Professional position:

Address:

Country:

1. Has the essential drugs list in your country been adapted in  
response to medicine needs of people living with HIV/AIDS ? If yes,  
do you know which criteria were used to decide if HIV-related  
medicines should be included on the list or not.

2. Are the following key HIV-related medicines listed on the essential  
drugs list in your country? (Fill in yes/no)

gentamicin injection (antibacterial)  
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim/co-trimoxazole tablets (antibacterial)

isoniazid tablets (antituberculous)  
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  
nystatin pessaries (antifungal)

ketoconazole tablets (antifungal)

fluconazole tablets/capsules (antifungal)

aciclovir tablets, (anti-herpesvirus)  
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  
pyrimethamine tablets(antitoxoplasmosis)  
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  
sulfadiazine tablets (antibacterial antitoxoplasmosis)

calcium folinate tablets (cytotoxic)  
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  
calamine lotion with sulphur 2 (anti-inflammatory and antipruritic)

loperamide tablets(anti-diarrhea)  
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  
code�ne tablets (opiod analgesic)  
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  
morphine sulfate injection/ampoules(opioid analgesic)

vinblastine powder for injection, (sulfate) in vial or vincristine powder  
for injection, (sulfate) in vial (anti-cancer, Kaposi sarcoma)

zidovudine capsules/AZT (anti-retroviral)

didanosine (ddI)(anti-retroviral)

stavudine (d4T)(anti-retroviral)

lamivudine (3TC)(anti-retroviral)

nevirapine (anti-retroviral)

protease inhibitor (indinavir or nelfinavir or ritonavir or saquinavir)

female condoms

male condoms

3. Are the following key HIV-related medicines available in first-line  
public health facilities (please fill in generally available, limited  
availability or not available).

gentamicin injection (antibacterial)  
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim/co-trimoxazole tablets (antibacterial)

isoniazid tablets (antituberculous)  
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  
nystatin pessaries (antifungal)

ketoconazole tablets (antifungal)

fluconazole tablets/capsules (antifungal)

aciclovir tablets, (anti-herpesvirus)  
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  
pyrimethamine tablets(antitoxoplasmosis)  
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  
sulfadiazine tablets (antibacterial antitoxoplasmosis)

calcium folinate tablets (cytotoxic)  
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  
calamine lotion with sulphur 2 (anti-inflammatory and antipruritic)

loperamide tablets(anti-diarrhea)  
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  
code�ne tablets (opiod analgesic)  
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  
morphine sulfate injection/ampoules(opioid analgesic)

vinblastine powder for injection, (sulfate) in vial or vincristine powder  
for injection, (sulfate) in vial (anti-cancer, Kaposi sarcoma)

zidovudine capsules/AZT (anti-retroviral)

didanosine (ddI)(anti-retroviral)

stavudine (d4T)(anti-retroviral)

lamivudine (3TC)(anti-retroviral)

nevirapine (anti-retroviral)

protease inhibitor (indinavir or nelfinavir or ritonavir or saquinavir)

female condoms

male condoms

4. Are data available in your country on the incidence/prevalence of  
HIV-related opportunistic infections? If yes, (a) what are the most  
common opportunistic infections? And, (b) are the data used to  
quantify HIV-related medicine needs for the essential drugs  
programme?

5. Are anti-retrovirals made available in public health care facilities? If  
yes, for which purposes (fill in yes/no)  
a. Prevention of mother to child transmission?  
b. Post-exposure prophylaxis for health workers?  
c. Therapy for people living with HIV/AIDS?

6. Is there a system for voluntary HIV testing and counselling in the  
public health services? If yes, does it function well?

7. Have health workers in first-line health centres/clinics in your  
country been trained in (fill in yes/no)  
a. the diagnosis and treatment of common HIV-related opportunistic  
infections?  
b. the diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases?  
c. the prevention of mother to child transmission using antiretrovirals?  
d. the rational prescription and use of antiretroviral therapy to treat  
people living with HIV/AIDS

8. Do guidelines exist in your country on (fill in yes/no):  
a. the diagnosis and treatment of common HIV-related opportunistic  
infections?  
b. the diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases?  
c. the prevention of mother to child transmission using antiretrovirals?  
d. the rational prescription and use of antiretroviral therapy to treat  
people living with HIV/AIDS?

9. Can the public health care system in your view cope with the  
medicine needs of people living with HIV and AIDS? What are  
constraints?

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