[e-drug] Non-prescription sale of antibiotics (13)

E-DRUG: Non-prescription sale of antibiotics (13)
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{This thread is closed now. It has been covered quite comprehensively. There are situations where control works well, others where legislation is not enforced and others where there is no legislation/control. Thanks to e-druggers. BS]

In India, although a lot of legislation is in place, almost any antibiotic
is available without prescription.

--
Dr. Mohd. Tariq Salman, MD
Senior Resident,
Department of Pharmacology,
JN Medical College,
Aligarh Muslim University,
Aligarh, India. 202002
http://mtariqsalman.googlepages.com/
"M. Tariq Salman" <mtariqsalman@gmail.com>

E-DRUG: Rational Use of antibiotics
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On Non-prescription sale of antibiotics - Very interesting dialogue!

I want to remind all that enforcement of any
regulation will possibly guarantee quality of antibiotics (antimicrobials)
but not the inappropriate use (by doctors and other prescribers) or
emergence of resistance. In the USA, 50% of prescriptions of antibiotics are
unjustified with 30% of time prescribers choosing the wrong antibiotic.

The other dilemma I have is the requirement of a prescription in developing
countries when "access to health care" is limited (unsecure). It is my
ethical and moral dilemma.

Even with the existence of standard treatment guidelines, inappropriate use
of antibiotics continues to rise. Let's remember that prescribing is a
"behavior change" problem and might take years and lots of money to succeed.
In addition, once resistance emerges, it would take years to decline, but
often it will not disappear.

An�bal Sosa, MD.
Director, International Program & Clinical Advisor
Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics (APUA)
75 Kneeland Street
Boston, MA 02111, USA
Ph: 617.636.2709
Fax: 617.636.3999
Email: anibal.sosa@tufts.edu
www.apua.org
"asosa01" <anibal.sosa@tufts.edu>

["access to health care" Treatment Guidelines that specify different levels of treatment can allow for prescribing and use of appropriate antibiotics - and other medicines - at specific levels of the health services, according to the needs of the setting. BS]

E-DRUG: Rational Use of antibiotics (2)
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Dear Anibal,

Thank you for your comment. Certainly it is an interesting matter, both
ethical and professional. I agree with you enforcement is the way.
However in developing countries several steps must precede:

- Unless governments provide health care systems that include its entire
people (of course that is dependable on governments’ budgets, and here the
role of international organizations is important).

- Educate the public about the dangers of inappropriate use of antibiotics
through various established educational methods that involve intensive
multimedia campaigns and face-to-face communication with the people at
their common places of gatherings for example markets, everyday places of
business and trade, mothers at pregnancy and vaccination clinics or
women’s unions, youth sports clubs, schools and colleges.

-Re-educate health care providers about the dangers of inappropriate use
of antibiotics as part of a continuous education and learning scheme on
health and rational use of medicines. In addition to updating their
knowledge, ensure that those dispensing the medicines are decently paid.

After all the above:
-Introduce strict enforcement measures like performing frequent random
simulated client visits to pharmacies by health or drug department
inspectors and imposing costly fines on offenders as well as disciplinary
procedures like for example striping of their licenses and suspending them
from practicing or shut down their pharmacy for a certain period of time.

As for addressing inappropriate use of antibiotics by health professionals
(doctors and other prescribers) including pharmacists [refer: Balbisi E.
& Ambisas E. (2005) Self-prescribing of noncontrolled substances among
pharmacists. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 62:2508-11] continuous professional
development is important. Providing prescribers with continuous education
about rational antibiotic prescribing in accordance with the recommended
guidelines, performing regular resistance surveillance at hospitals,
addressing communication issues such as perceived demand between patients
and doctors, reiterating the harms of unnecessary antibiotic prescribing
and introducing the concept of delayed-prescriptions are important
measures to be implemented.

On the other hand the magnitude of
inappropriate use (self-prescribing) by pharmacists needs to be
investigated. Open dialogue with pharmacists focusing on the negative
impacts of self-prescribing as harmful, illegal and unprofessional is
essential to address this issue.

Kind regards,
Majd

--
Majd Dameh
BSc (Micro), BPharm, MHealSci, PhD Candidate
RegPharmNZ, MPS
Professional Pharmacy Practice
School of Pharmacy
University of Otago
P.O. Box: 913
Dunedin 9054
NEW ZEALAND
M D <damma696@student.otago.ac.nz>