E-DRUG: How to analyze drug promotional material? (2)
-----------------------------------------------------
Here is a list of articles that discuss the different parts of a drug ad
(overall information content, text, references, graphs and pictures/images):
1. Herxheimer A, Lundborg CS, Westerholm B. Advertisements for
medicines in leading medical journals in 18 countries: a 12-month survey of
information content and standards. International Journal of Health Services
1993;23:161-72.
3. Loke TW, Koh FC, Ward JE. Pharmaceutical advertisement claims
in Australian medical publications: is evidence accessible, compelling and
communicated comprehensively? Medical Journal of Australia 2002;177:291-3.
4. Lankinen KS, Levola T, Marttinen K, Puumalainen I,
Helin-Salmivaara A. Industry guidelines, laws and regulations ignored:
quality of drug advertising in medical journals. Pharmacoepidemiology and
Drug Safety 2004;13:789-95.
8. World Health Organization. Ethical criteria for medicinal drug
promotion. Geneva: WHO; 1988.
9. Lal A. Information contents of drug advertisements: an Indian
experience. Annals of Pharmacotherapy 1998;32:1234-8.
10. Lal A, Moharana AK, Srivastava S. Comparative evaluation of
drug advertisements in Indian, British and American medical journals.
Journal of the Indian Medical Association 1997;95:19-20.
11. Mastroianni PdC, Galduróz JCF, Carlini EA. Psychoactive drug
advertising: a comparison of technical information from three countries:
Brazil, United States and United Kingdom. Sao Paulo Medical Journal
2005;123:209-14.
12. Vlassov V, Mansfield P, Lexchin J, Vlassova A. Do drug
advertisements in Russian medical journals provide essential information for
safe prescribing? Western Journal of Medicine 2001;174:391-4.
13. Wilkes MS, Doblin BH, Shapiro MF. Pharmaceutical
advertisements in leading medical journals: experts¹ assessments. Annals of
Internal Medicine 1992;116:912-9.
14. Hemeryck L, Chan R, McCormack PME, Condren L, Feely J.
Pharmaceutical advertisements in Irish medical journals. Journal of
Pharmaceutical Medicine 1995;5:147-51.
15. Graphs in pharmaceutical advertisements: are they truthful,
are they adequately detailed? , 2001. (Accessed February 15, 2006, at
http://www.ama-assn.org/public/peer/prc_program2001.htm#truthful.)
18. Lexchin J. How patient outcomes are reported in drug
advertisements: review of Canadian medical journals. Canadian Family
Physician 1999;45:1213-6.
19. Gutknecht DR. Evidence-based advertising? A survey of four
major journals. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice
2001;14:197-200.
20. Villanueva P, Peiró S, Librero J, Pereiró I. Accuracy of
pharmaceutical advertisements in medical journals. Lancet 2003;361:27-32.
21. Rothermich EA, Pathak DS, Smeenk DA. Health-related
quality-of-life claims in prescription drug advertisements. American Journal
of Health-System Pharmacy 1996;53:1565-9.
24. Neumann PJ, Bambauer KZ, Ramakrishnan V, Stewart KA, Bell CM.
Economic messages in prescription drug advertisements in medical journals.
Medical Care 2002;40:840-5.
25. Gilad J, Moran L, Schlaeffer F, Borer A. Antibiotic drug
advertising in medical journals. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases
2005;37:910-2.
26. Lexchin J, Holbrook A. Methodologic quality and relevance of
references in pharmaceutical advertisements in a Canadian medical journal.
CMAJ 1994;151:47-54.
27. Cooper RJ, Schriger DL. The availability of references and
the sponsorship of original research cited in pharmaceutical advertisements.
CMAJ 2005;172:487-91.
30. Lal A, Moharana AK, Chandra P, Ray A. Critical evaluation of
references in drug advertisements: an Indian experience. Journal of the
Association of Physicians on India 1996;44:778-9.
31. Hawkins J, Aber CS. Women in advertisements in medical
journals. Sex Roles 1993;28:233-42.
32. Lövdahl U, Riska Å, Riska E. Gender display in Scandinavian
and American advertising for antidepressants. Scandinavian Journal of Public
Health 1999;27:306-10.
33. Hansen FJ, Osborne D. Portrayal of women and elderly patients
in psychotropic drug advertisements. Women & Therapy 1995(129-141).
34. Ahmed SB, Grace SL, Stelfox HT, Tomlinson G, Cheung AM.
Gender bias in cardiovascular advertisements. Journal of Evaluation in
Clinical Practice 2004;10:531-8.
35. Leppard W, Ogletree SM, Wallen E. Gender stereotyping in
medical advertising: much ado about nothing? Sex Roles 1993;29:829-38.
36. Lexchin J. The portrayal of the elderly in drug
advertisements: a factor in inappropriate prescribing? Canadian Journal on
Aging 1990;9:296-303.
37. Munce SEP, Robertson EK, Sansom SN, Stewart DE. Who is
portrayed in psychotropic drug advertisements? Journal of Nervous Diseases
2004;192:284-8.
38. Scott T, Stanford N, Thompson DR. Killing me softly: myth in
pharmaceutical advertising. BMJ 2004;329:1484-8.
39. Ferner RE, Scott DK. Whatalotwegot - the messages in drug
advertisements. BMJ 1994;309:1734-6.
40. Kleinman DL, Cohen LJ. The decontextualization of mental
illness: the portrayal of work in psychiatric drug advertisements. Social
Science & Medicine 1991;32:867-74.
41. Quinn J, Nangle M, Casey PR. Analysis of psychotropic drug
advertising. Psychiatric Bulletin 1997;21:597-9.
42. Peppin P, Carty E. Signs of inequality: constructing
disability in antidepressant drug advertising. Health Law Journal
2003;11(Special Edition):161-84.
--
Joel Lexchin MD
Associate Professor
School of Health Policy and Management
York University
4700 Keele St.
Toronto ON
Canada M3J 1P3
Tel: 416-736-2100 x 22119
Fax: 416-736-5227
E mail: jlexchin@yorku.ca